The main focus of the book is whether globalization and trade liberalization enable business associations to become real representatives of business interests rather than state-controlled or otherwise ineffective organizations in developing countries. The book relies heavily on more than 200 interviews with Moroccan and Tunisian workers and employers to trace changes in business associational life after trade liberalization in the 1980s and 1990s. The core argument is that pre-economic liberalization relations between business and the state condition how business groups organize in the face of large-scale economic change.